Why Omega-3 DHA Is Essential for Child’s Development?

The Importance of Early Nutrition

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory highlights how nutrition and environment during critical early-life stages — from pregnancy to infancy — can influence long-term health and disease risk. This concept emphasizes that a strong start in life helps shape better outcomes later on.

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are among the most critical nutrients for a child’s growth and development. The critical window of brain growth occurs in the last trimester and the first 2 years of life.

While most parents recognize the importance of DHA intake during pregnancy for fetal brain development, however the continued role of DHA in early childhood is often overlooked.

What is DHA and Why Does It Matter For Children?

DHA is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that serves as the most abundant omega-3 fatty acids in the brain and retina. More than 50% of the brain’s dry weight is comprised of lipids and DHA is makes up to >90% of the Omega-3 fatty acids in the brain, making it indispensable for both cognitive and visual development (1).

DHA is directly involved in building brain cell membranes, promoting neural growth, and supporting synaptic function and communication (1) - all of which are crucial during a child's rapid developmental stages.

The Key Benefits of DHA for Children

1) Brain Development & Cognitive Function

A randomized controlled trial revealed that infants supplemented with DHA performed better on problem-solving tasks at 9 months old (3). In older children, higher DHA intake has been linked to improved reading skills, attention, and behaviour, especially among children with learning difficulties (4).

2) Visual & Eye Development

Supplementation of DHA supports optimal visual acuity in infants and young children (2). Infants with sufficient DHA levels demonstrate better vision sharpness - a critical factor for early learning and recognition skills.

3) Immune System Support

A randomized clinical trial in US showed that toddlers (< 3 years) consuming 130mg DHA per day have fewer adverse events and a lower incidence of respiratory illness (5) suggests that modest increase in DHA could potentially improve development & immunity.

How Much DHA Does Your Child Need?

The FAO (2010) suggests a probable benefit in recommending age-adjusted EPA + DHA intake for children with different age group (6)

• Toddler (2 - 4 years): 100 – 150mg

• Children (4 - 6 years): 150 – 200mg

• Children (6 - 10 years): 200 – 300mg

Key Takeway

DHA is not just another nutrient - it's a cornerstone for healthy brain, vision, and immune development in children. Ensuring your child gets enough DHA through diet or supplementation can make a lasting difference in their learning abilities, focus, and overall health.

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